By age 14, he had written three books on particle physics. At the age of 12, he wrote a directory of physics. As a young child, Wolfram had difficulties learning arithmetic. Wolfram was educated at Eton College, but left prematurely in 1976. Stephen Wolfram is married to a mathematician. Wolfram's mother, Sybil Wolfram, was a Fellow and Tutor in Philosophy at Lady Margaret Hall at University of Oxford from 1964 to 1993.
Wolfram's father, Hugo Wolfram, was a textile manufacturer and served as managing director of the Lurex Company-makers of the fabric Lurex.
His maternal grandmother was British psychoanalyst Kate Friedlander. Stephen Wolfram was born in London in 1959 to Hugo and Sybil Wolfram, both German Jewish refugees to the United Kingdom.